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Atomic Theory Matter is made up of main particles known as atoms, molecules and ions. Atoms: by definition, an atom is the smallest particle of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction.   Its actual existence was established   in the nineteenth century when John Dalton, an English chemist, put forward a theory to describe the nature of the atom. The atom is now considered to be the basic unit of simple substances or elements. DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY      In 1808, John Dalton proposed the Atomic Theory which can be summarized as follows; ·          All elements are made up of small, indivisible particles called atoms. ·          Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed . ·          Atoms of the same element are alike in every aspect, and differ from atoms of all other elements. ·          When atoms combine with each other atoms, they do so in simple ratios. ·          All chemical changes result from the combination or the separation of atoms.

SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Basically, a mixture contains more than one substance and each constituents retains its individual properties. As a result of this we are able to separate mixtures. Thus, the techniques employed in separating mixtures make use of the physical properties of its constituents. TYPES OF SEPARATION TECHNIQUES TECHNIQUES SEPARATING MIXTURE(S) OF Sieving Solids of different sizes Separating funnel Immiscible liquids Magnetic method Magnetic solids from non-magnetic solids Decantation, Filtration, Centrifugation Insoluble solid from a liquid Chromatography Solutes from solution Distillation Solvent from its solute Fractional distillation Miscible liquids into its component parts of fractions Sieving:  Sieving is in separating lumps from powdered materials i.e. Solid particles of