Separation Techniques


SEPARATION TECHNIQUES

Basically, a mixture contains more than one substance and each constituents retains its individual properties. As a result of this we are able to separate mixtures. Thus, the techniques employed in separating mixtures make use of the physical properties of its constituents.

TYPES OF SEPARATION TECHNIQUES

TECHNIQUES
SEPARATING MIXTURE(S) OF
Sieving
Solids of different sizes
Separating funnel
Immiscible liquids
Magnetic method
Magnetic solids from non-magnetic solids
Decantation, Filtration, Centrifugation
Insoluble solid from a liquid
Chromatography
Solutes from solution
Distillation
Solvent from its solute
Fractional distillation
Miscible liquids into its component parts of fractions

Sieving: 

Image result for sieving Sieving is in separating lumps from powdered materials i.e. Solid particles of different sizes. 
     Mining industries use this method extensively, bakers also use this method to purify flour.

Separating funnel:

Image result for separating funnel It is used to separate to immiscible liquids. The diagram above shows how oil and water can be separated using this method.

Magnetic method:

Image result for magnetic separating It is used in separating magnetic substance from non-magnetic ones. The diagram above shows how iron filings can be recovered when mixed with sulfur.


Centrifugation:

Image result for centrifugation

Centrifugation is a technique which involves the application of centrifugal force to separate particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium and rotor speed. A centrifuge is a machine which can spin test-tubes containing at high speed causing heavier solid particles in the suspension to be thrown to the bottom of the test-tube.


Chromatography:

Image result for chromatography

Chromatography is a versatile separation technique widely used to obtain pure compounds from mixtures. it is a process that uses a solvent moving over a porous, absorbent medium (e.g. paper or gel) to separate a mixture of solutes. 

Distillation:

Image result for distillation  Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by selective boiling and condensation.  This method is used in water distilleries and gin distilleries for the manufacture of gin and distilled water respectively.

Fractional distillation:

Image result for fractional distillation Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions. Chemical compounds are separated by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the mixture will vaporize.

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